Competency based education in terms of its suitability to Respriatory Essay

Competency based education in terms of its suitability to Respriatory care education - Essay Example Respiratory care education requires systematic approach due to the complex level of knowledge and skills that the students are required to have them become competent practitioners. Respiratory care practice is also a regulated profession that has guideline and standards which the practitioners should meet (Wyka, Mathew and Clark 5). These make the respiratory care education to require a systematic but flexible approach. The competency-based education is well known to provide this kind of characteristics to a learning process and thus it can play a fundamental role in the sustainability of this kind of education. Competency based education can play various roles in the sustainability of respiratory care education. One of the major roles it can play is assisting in the selection and design of the module or course content. Another role it can play is assisting in the identification of individual course or module performance objectives. It can also assist in defining the ways in which respiratory care education can use to administer the course content. Competency based education can also assist in the selection of the kind of assessment that is suitable for the kind of competency that the learners are required to attain in respiratory care education. Another way that this kind of education can assist is through providing an evaluation method that can relate individual’s performance to the specified criteria or standards. This can assist in informing the trainers whether the students have developed the level of competency that is sufficient for effective practicing as respiratory care pro fessions. Competency based education program involves a selection of the knowledge and skills which should be taught in a course as well as determination of how these knowledge and skills should be taught. It also involves the selection of the

Reading Responses of Trifles by Susan Glaspell Essay

Reading Responses of Trifles by Susan Glaspell - Essay Example Though I still do not know what Monster’s ball meant, studying the play Trifles for the second consecutive time proved to me that it is different. Apparently, Glaspell’s indirect concentration became evident to me in the second study of the play. Symbolism is an exemplary aspect of the play. The dead bird that Mrs. Peter and Ms. Hale spotted is a symbolism of Foster’s intrinsic demise. The open cage of the bird emblemizes the wife’s new freedom found through the demise of her husband (Bradford). Compared to reality, we apply tangible items to emblemize the intangible ones every other day in life. For instance, a white dove is regularly used to emblemize peace. Moreover, the American flag shows liberty among other symbolism used in contemporary times. Glaspell’s indirect style proves to us that it is nonetheless a worthy style. She discusses the women’s place in the society through the entire play (Bradford). Men, who hold distinctive and respectable titles such as deputy and county sheriff use their time searching for touchable evidence and applying fancy methods to arrive at a solution but to eventually fail in their endeavors. However, the women, who I strongly suspect that they were simple housewives, solve the quandary ingeniously, quietly and cleverly. Notably, the women employ their individual knowledge regarding Minnie Foster to theorize and formulate possible reasons why she would have murdered her husband. Additionally, they apply their off-centered blanket stitching to hypothesize that she was surely nervous regarding something. Moreover, the women who never stepped on the scene of the crime discovered the dead bird, which is concrete evidence to depict and prove the motive why she would have murdered her husband (Bradford). In conclusion, in spite of the numerous great traits in the play Triples, there is an eventual

Ethanol As An Alternative To Gasoline Essay Example for Free

Ethanol As An Alternative To Gasoline Essay Ethanol has lately been considered as a promising alternative to gasoline as fuels for automobiles. According to researchers, ethanol may be employed as fuel through the process of reformation, which involves the breakage of a water molecule to generate hydrogen and oxygen gases (Hill et al. , 2006). The hydrogen gas that results from this chemical reaction is employed as source of energy. Carbon dioxide is also generated as a by-product of the chemical reaction. It has been estimated that approximately 1 ounce of carbon dioxide gas is emitted from 4 ounces of hydrogen produced from ethanol. One advantage of using ethanol as fuel for automobiles is that there is ease in the transport of fuel instead of the previous candidate alternative of using solar power to run automobiles. In the case of solar-based automobiles, the accessibility of energy for fuel an automobile will be limited by the presence of sunlight, from which solar power is generated. Another advantage is that the conversion of ethanol to hydrogen is approximately 70 to 80% in energy efficiency, which is the same in terms of the energy efficiency using gasoline. Ethanol is also much cheaper than gasoline hence the switch from using gasoline to ethanol is advantageous. Ethanol also enhances the performance of the engine of an automobile. There is also less smoke emissions when ethanol is employed as fuel to automobiles. One disadvantage in using ethanol as an alternative to gasoline is that only a number of car brands design vehicles that carry engine that can utilize ethanol as fuel. There is still a need in creating more car models that are specialized to consume ethanol as fuel. In addition, the engines of ethanol-using vehicles are smaller in volumes hence there is still a need to produce engines that can take in larger volumes of ethanol.

UK Honours System Analysis

UK Honours System Analysis Title: Discuss the purpose of the honours system and the method by which recipients of honours are selected. What improvements, if any, do you think are necessary or desirable in the law and workings of the honour system? Introduction This is a highly topical subject, indeed it is one that is the focus of political machination and intense media scrutiny and speculation at the point of writing this paper. The recent furore is discussed below, after an examination of the purpose and modus operandi of the honours system, and some considered suggestions for reform. The UK Honours System The United Kingdom honours system is a time-honoured mechanism which provides for the public recognition of exceptional achievement, endeavour and service to the country.[1] The system rewards conspicuous contributions to the community, pre-eminence within a field of activity and distinguished or innovative work in all areas of UK society. Honours are usually awarded twice a year in the United Kingdom; one honours list is published on The Queen’s Birthday in June and another is published at New Year. Honours Committees meet before the decision as to the constitution of each list is taken to advise the Cabinet Secretary on candidates to put forward. The public have been permitted to make nominations for honours since 1993 and these are put forward for consideration by the Honours Committees. Such nominations require a minimum of two supporting letters and evidence to justify the proposal. The Cabinet Office suggests that certain criteria should be applied in evaluating the merits of a nomination.[2] The nominee should have: made a significant contribution to their community or field of endeavour; distinguished British life and enhanced its reputation; improved the lot of those less able to help themselves; exhibited vision and moral courage and vision in making difficult choices and hard applications.[3] There are nine committees in total, covering different fields of achievement. Committees are appointed to advise on the following areas: State; Education; Health; Community; Voluntary and Local Service; Science and Technology; Economy; Sport; Arts and Media. These committees make recommendations to the Prime Minister who thereafter puts forward a list of recommendations to the Queen, who ultimately decides on the final list. As Bradley and Ewing describe in Constitutional and Administrative Law,[4] the Queen is â€Å"the sole fountain of honour†, and she awards all peerages, but her prerogative is â€Å"only exercised on the advice of her ministers†. The Cabinet Office Ceremonial Secretariat[5] is responsible for the overall management of the honours system[6]. The Ceremonial Branch of the Cabinet Office was established in 1937 and takes responsibility for honours policy work across government. It was renamed the Ceremonial Secretariat in 2001. The Secretariat prepares the Prime Minister’s half-yearly Honours Lists and consults on all honours matters with the Head of the Home Civil Service. The Secretariat also coordinates policy on the award of decorations and medals and advises the Ministry of Defence and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office as required. Moreover the Secretariat deals with the administration of honours nominations made by members of the public and assesses individual cases leading to civilian gallantry awards.[7] Reform of the Honours System? In 2005 the Government published the paper Reform of the Honours System[8] which contained its responses to â€Å"A Matter of Honour Reforming the Honours System†[9], a report by the Public Administration Select Committee and â€Å"Review of the Honours system: report to the Secretary of the Cabinet† by Sir Hayden Phillips.[10] Overall the Government indicated its for support for the honours system, but it recognised concerns voiced in the two reports cited above and undertook to review the current system to ensure its fairness and make proposals to render it more accessible to the public as a whole. A selection of the proposals considered are discussed below.[11] In its response, the Government resisted recommendations to abolish such ancient honours as the Orders of Bath and of St Michael and St George, but accepted the point that honours should not be conferred merely because the recipient holds a particular post or office.[12] It is submitted that it is essential that honours are only ever awarded on merit, for exceptional service over and above that which could be expected, if the system is to retain public support and longevity and therefore this decision is supported by this commentator. Hayden Philips also recommended that the proportion of honours that go to the so-called state sector (including the Diplomatic Service, the Home Civil Service and the Armed Forces) should be reduced. The Government has prevaricated over this proposal but it is submitted that it is a meritorious suggestion. It is necessary to ground the honours system firmly in the public interest and context if it is to receive continued public acceptance and credibility. The Australian system of honours was (ironically perhaps) suggested as a model for reform of the UK system, and while not embracing that proposal wholeheartedly the Government indicated that it would be pursing the Philip’s recommendation to increase diversity and regional participation in the honours selection process along similar lines to those in operation in Australia. Again it is argued that this is a wise move. As stated above it is necessary to root the honours system deep within the greater community to preserve support and recognition for it and to defeat criticisms that it functions under a metropolitan bias. It is also proposed that the Honours Selection Committees be replaced by a new Honours Commission, and that this body should take over responsibility from ministers for making nominations to the Queen. However, the Government did not accept this proposal in its 2005 response, preferring instead to pledge to reduce the civil service participation in selection committees, guarantee non-civil service chairs of those committees and increase participation and transparency into the existing system by other administrative means. It is submitted that while the Government’s proposals represent an improvement on the status quo, they fail to grasp the nettle and fully address the frailties and complexities of the existing process. The establishment of a new Honours Commission to assume all duties in this regard would, it is asserted have been the best way forward for the UK honours system. A Personal Aside There is clearly much to commend in a system based wholly on rewarding distinguished public service and significant contributions to society if the smack of patronage, bias and imperialism can be removed from its operation. It is true that many second generation commonwealth citizens have sought to reject honours because of the perception that the honours system is an imperialist tool and efforts must be made to restore faith in the system and position it in the minds of the public as a method of recognising only achievement and endeavour. It has also been argued that the honours system facilitates business by recognising Captains of UK industry and rewarding their efforts, but that said the profit and power motives alone seem to inspire businessmen elsewhere in the world to succeed and prosper without the carrot of an honour dangling before them. In summation, it is submitted that greater transparency, accessibility and democracy should be introduced into the system for selecting candidates for honours, and that the criteria for nomination should reflect only contributions that further the public good in some material way. Given that the awards are made in recognition of service to the community it is also deemed appropriate that the community itself is better represented on the nomination panels. Moreover, it is also considered prudent to expedite and simplify the process for removing honours in the event of subsequent behaviour incompatible with the title bestowed, such as a criminal conviction. â€Å"Cash for Coronets† March 2006 The Labour Government is, at the time of writing, embroiled in a high profile row concerning the perception that those making substantial cash donations and or â€Å"loans† to Labour Party funds have been put forward by the Prime Minister for public honours.[13] The Prime Minister has been stung by the accusations of impropriety and bias and has ordered immediate changes to prevent such a state of affairs arising in future, including making loans to political parties publicly declarable. In the meantime, three complaints have been made under the 1925 Honours Prevention of Abuses Act and these are currently being investigated by Scotland Yard.[14] It is submitted that it is completely unacceptable for honours to be effectively bought by political donations rather than earned by good endeavours.[15] However, politics is an expensive business, in particular the funding of General Election Campaigns, and it has been suggested that the only way to guarantee that politics is not influenced and that honours are not bought and sold in this way is to provide for the public funding of political parties via general taxation. It is unlikely that this solution will prove popular with the general public, given the general animosity and suspicion that attaches to politicians, and may even result in the funding of parties that the majority of the public find disagreeable, such as the National Front. However, it is argued that no price can be put on political independence and the integrity of the honours system, if it is to survive the current wave of social reform and modernisation, is also important. Therefore, it is argued that a mechanism for the public funding of political parties on a prudent, measured and transparent scale must be established at the earliest opportunity and certainly in advance of the next General Election. THE END WORD COUNT: 1539 (answer length only excluding footnotes and bibliography) BIBLIOGRAPHY John Walker, The Queen has been Pleased: the British Honours System at Work (1986), Secker and Warburg. The UK Honours System: http://www.honours.gov.uk/index.asp Reform of the Honours System, Cabinet Office CM 6479 (2005) Bradley and Ewing’s Constitutional and Administrative Law, 12th Edition, (1997). Review of the Honours System, Report to the Secretary of the Cabinet, Sir Hayden Phillips, House of Commons Papers Session 2004-05 â€Å"A Matter of Honour† – Reforming the Honours System (HC 212-I) (Session 2003-4), Report by the Public Administration Select Committee Clarke Accused in  £14m Loans Row, 22 March 2006: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4831528.stm Cash for Peerages Row, 20 March 2006: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4812822.stm 1 Footnotes [1] See for an insightful general overview: John Walker, The Queen has been Pleased: the British Honours System at Work (1986), Secker and Warburg. [2] See: http://www.honours.gov.uk/nominate/. [3] Stated at http://www.honours.gov.uk/nominate/. [4] 12th Edition, 1997, p 277. [5] See for website: http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/ceremonial/. [6] See for website: http://www.honours.gov.uk/index.asp. [7] The Secretariat also makes recommendations for the Imperial Service Medal. [8] Reform of the Honours System, Cabinet Office CM 6479 (2005). [9] â€Å"A Matter of Honour† – Reforming the Honours System (HC 212-I) (Session 2003-4), Report by the Public Administration Select Committee. [10] Review of the Honours System, Report to the Secretary of the Cabinet, Sir Hayden Phillips, House of Commons Papers Session 2004-05. [11] With a view to adherence to the word limit it is not possible to offer exhaustive coverage of the issues. [12] This principle was first endorsed by Prime Minister John Major in 1993 after a review of the honours system: Reform of the Honours System, Cabinet Office CM 6479 (2005). [13] Clarke Accused in  £14m Loans Row, 22 March 2006: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4831528.stm [14] It is submitted that it is doubtful that anything of substance will come from this investigation. [15] Cash for Peerages Row, 20 March 2006: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4812822.stm.

Malcolm X Essay -- segregation, discrimination

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malcom X was a man known widely for his strong beliefs. His willingness to accept the preaching of Elijah Muhammad and serve him loyaly, was due to his past experiences with the white man. Starting off as a boy in Lansing, next moving to Boston, then living in Harlem, his experinces with various white people shaped his belief system. Towards the end of his life, his interaction with group of very different white people on his pilgrimage brought about a change in his beliefs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While Malcom X was born in Omaha, Nebraska, most of the important events in his younger years took place after his family moved to Lansing, Michigan. This move occurred after a group of whites burned down their house while 'the white police and firemen came and stood around watching as the house burned to the ground' (p. 3), and were more interested in about the pistol Malcom's father used to shoot at the fleeing arsons. In Lansing, Malcom's father preaches the teachings of Marcus Garvey and his 'Back to Africa' movement. His earliest memories in Lansing are of his family being harassed by the Klu Klux Klan and the Black Legion, and then of these hate groups murdering his father in cold blood. Such a tragedy most certainly had a profound impact on Malcom, and his perception of the white man. To make matters much worse, his mother began to breakdown at the hands of the white man. After his fathers death, Malcom's mother was left having to take car... Malcolm X Essay -- segregation, discrimination   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malcom X was a man known widely for his strong beliefs. His willingness to accept the preaching of Elijah Muhammad and serve him loyaly, was due to his past experiences with the white man. Starting off as a boy in Lansing, next moving to Boston, then living in Harlem, his experinces with various white people shaped his belief system. Towards the end of his life, his interaction with group of very different white people on his pilgrimage brought about a change in his beliefs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While Malcom X was born in Omaha, Nebraska, most of the important events in his younger years took place after his family moved to Lansing, Michigan. This move occurred after a group of whites burned down their house while 'the white police and firemen came and stood around watching as the house burned to the ground' (p. 3), and were more interested in about the pistol Malcom's father used to shoot at the fleeing arsons. In Lansing, Malcom's father preaches the teachings of Marcus Garvey and his 'Back to Africa' movement. His earliest memories in Lansing are of his family being harassed by the Klu Klux Klan and the Black Legion, and then of these hate groups murdering his father in cold blood. Such a tragedy most certainly had a profound impact on Malcom, and his perception of the white man. To make matters much worse, his mother began to breakdown at the hands of the white man. After his fathers death, Malcom's mother was left having to take car...

Cuba: Then and Now Essay -- Comparison Contrast Government Politics P

Cuba: Then and Now In the Treaty of Paris of 1898, Spain relinquished all sovereignty over Cuba. For a time, the policy of the United States toward Cuba was somewhat ambivalent. The Teller Amendment at the beginning of the Spanish-American War had pledged the restoration of Cuba to the Cubans. However, at the same time the United States was determined that it would not be placed after the war with Spain in a worse position in regard to its vital interests in Cuba than it had been when Cuba was a Spanish possession. The two men most closely associated with the U.S. relationship and administration of Cuba were Elihu Root, Secretary of War, and Leonard Wood, Governor General of Cuba. At his Washington desk, Root spent considerable time keeping a sharp eye on the Cuban constitutional convention and directing the overall campaign.1 On the scene in Havana was Doctor Leonard Wood who had gone there as commander of the Rough Riders in 1898. His first major administrative task in Cuba after the war was in Santiago province where the death rate was two hundred a day, and the filth was terrible. After burning the dead bodies in town, he curtailed the inflation and cleaned up the refuse. In addition, Wood saw that jails were inspected and that schools were secularized. Because of his accomplishments in Santiago, he was appointed Governor General of Cuba on December 12, 1899. He kept the post until the formation of the Cuban Republic in 1902. Wood did well as governor of the â€Å"Pearl of the Antilles.† On September 7, the Chicago Record-Herald reported that Cuba was on the high road to more prosperous times than it had ever experienced. There was no distress among the population of 1,572,797 other than what might be found under... ...is point from 1901-34 aroused increasing bitterness, as Root’s interpretation was not followed. On May 29, 1934, it was abrogated by the United Sates. 11 Lyman Abbott, Reminiscences (Boston and New York: 1915), 438. 12 Congressional Record, 58 Cong., 2 sess., 3379; 180 U.S. 109 (1900). 13 New York Times, September 10, 1901, 5, c. 4. 14 Philip C. Jessup, Elihu Root (New York: 1938), I, 324. 15 Edmond Wood, â€Å"Can Cubans Govern Cuba?† The Forum, XXXII (September, 1901), 66-74. 16 Congressional Record, 56 Cong., 2 sess., 3344-45, 3348, 3375. 17 See above, 33-34. 18 New York Times, September 8, 1901, 3, c. 5. 19 Literary Digest: A Weekly Compendium of the Contemporaneous Thought of the World, XXIII (September 7, 1901), 274. 20 Nation: A Weekly Journal Devoted to Politics, Literature, Science and Art, (September 5, 1901), 180, c. 1.

Effectiveness of United States Business Practices Laws Essay

Effectiveness of United States Business Practices Laws Introduction Do you think that such laws are effective?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   United States of America has some laws which are supposed to further balanced, fair and competitive business practices. The laws are basically effective because control measures meant to reinforce and foresee business practices that are fair are adhered to. With this, the determination of either success or the failure of any specific regulations or specifications can depend on the angle that you look at them from. With the anti-trust laws safeness from any form of unreasonable trade, unfair and non-competitive business acts and price discrimination are fully insured. For instance, each time new laws and regulations are initiated initial skepticism concerning their intended purpose and their impact as laws which are supposed to promote competitive and fair business practices. People may however not realize it citing an example of consumers where antitrust laws have effects on their daily life in many different ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Federal Trade Commission of the United States Act came up with a government commission which was meant to help prevent unfair come uncompetitive business practices. 2014 FDIC’s compliance Manual states that:In order to prevent deceptive, uncompetitive or unfair business practices to consumers; to facilitate informed consumer choice and public awareness of a competitive process and in order to accomplish all this having not unduly burdening legitimate business activities (FDIC, 2014).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many other regulations come laws have been enacted to fully protect workers and consumers (since 1930s). It’s illegal for any employer to discriminate in terms of hiring on the age, race, sex or even their religious believes. Child labor is highly prohibited. All independent labor unions are assured of total rights to bargain or even organize a strike. These laws are fully enforced to help maintain everyone’s safety and protection.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Back in 1890, the United States Congress enacted the popular Sherman Antitrust Act which is basically a law intended to restore free enterprise and competition through breaking up of monopolies. According to the US Congress (1890), â€Å"Sherman Anti-Trust Act† illegalizes all combinations, contracts or conspiracies that may unreasonably restrain both foreign and interstate trade. This shall include agreements amongst competitors to rig bids, fix prices and allocate customers all which are considered as criminal felonies and are punishable.’’ Why are the laws effective?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The original purpose of enacting the Sherman Antitrust Act was basically the protection of consumers from established businesses which might decide use unscrupulous ways to artificially raise prices, this may be through purposive production of few goods which do not meet the consumer demand thus automatically raise the products’ price and value. The US Justice Department states, â€Å"This law principally shows our commitment to a free market economy which there is no competition from both governmental and private restraints leads to good results for all consumers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States government has really tried in keeping the consumers and trade industries safe from unfair treatment during any business practices. In 1914 the Congress thus passed 2 more laws which were designed to reinforce the Clayton Antitrust Act Sherman, other significant business related acts. The Clayton Antitrust Act clearly defined what the components pertaining illegal restraints of trade. The International Economics Institute clearly states that: â€Å"The act illegalized price discrimination which gave some buyers advantages over others, did not allow agreements in which any manufacturer can sell only to dealer(s) who willingly agrees to never sell any of rival manufacturer’s product(s) and prohibits specific merger types or other acts that can reduce competition (U.S Congress, 1914). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It’s always difficult to determine when one violates any of the antitrust laws. Interpretations of the laws have varied and many analysts disagree after assessing if companies have really gained much power which may interfere the market operations. The Department of Justice states, â€Å"Effective enforcement of antitrust requires huge public support. However, public ignorance and apathy can adversely weaken the enforcement antitrust even more than any other issue. A consumer or businessperson who encounters business behaviors which appears to truly violate the antitrust laws should contact with immediate effect the enforcement authorities.† Corporate arrangements and conditions that might seem to have some antitrust threats in a particular era and may as well appear as a small threat in another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, whether buying a car, doing some food shopping at the grocery or downloading some new software from any site in the Internet, antitrust laws perform an important role in making sure people have full benefits of high quality goods or services at the most efficient and competitive prices. These antitrust laws achieve these targets through fostering and promotion of market competition and prevention of business practices and mergers which are not competitive. It is therefore evident that the United States has laws that are meant to further competitive, fair and balanced business practices are highly effective. References Pitofsky. E. M. (1978). Institute for International Economics. New York. FDIC. (2014, January 5). Federal Trade Commission Act. New York. Retrieved from fdic.gov: http://www.fdic.gov/regulations/compliance/manual/pdf/VII-1.1.pdf U.S. Department of Justice. (1997). Antitrust Enforcement and the Consumer. Washington. Source document